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| Dialogue of the Two World Systems ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems
The ''Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems'' (''Dialogo sopra i due massimi sistemi del mondo'') was a 1632 Italian-language book by Galileo Galilei comparing the Copernican system with the traditional Ptolemaic system. It was translated into Latin as ''Systema cosmicum''〔Maurice A. Finocchiaro: (''Retrying Galileo, 1633-1992'' ), University of California Press, 2007 ISBN 0-520-25387-6, ISBN 978-0-520-25387-2〕 ((英語:Cosmic System)) in 1635 by Matthias Bernegger.〔(Journal for the history of astronomy, 2005 )〕 The book was dedicated to Galileo's patron, Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, who received the first printed copy on February 22, 1632.
In the Copernican system, the Earth and other planets orbit the Sun, while in the Ptolemaic system, everything in the Universe circles around the Earth. The ''Dialogue'' was published in Florence under a formal license from the Inquisition. In 1633, Galileo was found to be "vehemently suspect of heresy" based on the book, which was then placed on the ''Index of Forbidden Books'', from which it was not removed until 1835 (after the theories it discussed had been permitted in print in 1822).〔(The Trial of Galileo: A Chronology )〕 In an action that was not announced at the time, the publication of anything else he had written or ever might write was also banned.〔See Galileo affair for more details, including sources.〕
==Overview==
While writing the book, Galileo referred to it as his ''Dialogue on the Tides'', and when the manuscript went to the Inquisition for approval, the title was ''Dialogue on the Ebb and Flow of the Sea''. He was ordered to remove all mention of tides from the title and to change the preface because granting approval to such a title would look like approval of his theory of the tides using the motion of the Earth as proof. As a result, the formal title on the title page is ''Dialogue'', which is followed by Galileo's name, academic posts, and followed by a long subtitle. The name by which the work is now known was extracted by the printer from the description on the title page when permission was given to reprint it with an approved preface by a Catholic theologian in 1744. This must be kept in mind when discussing Galileo's motives for writing the book. Although the book is presented formally as a consideration of both systems (as it needed to be in order to be published at all), there is no question that the Copernican side gets the better of the argument.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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